EBITDA CAGR: +4.10% (10Y, annualized)

Over longer horizons, EBITDA CAGR averages -1.02% over 3 years and 3.81% over 5 years; the trailing 12 months came in at -3.20%. EBITDA CAGR shows how the company's operating profitability has grown before depreciation and amortization. This reflects the growth of the core business's cash-operating earnings power, independent of capital-intensity and accounting depreciation choices.