Methodology

Data sources & freshness

Stock-page statements and market inputs come through Financial Modeling Prep (FMP) and scheduled precompute jobs. Current quote observations and historical daily closes carry separate dates. Supported source reconciliations retain their calculation evidence; unresolved conflicts and missing inputs are unavailable. The separate SEC statements API retains its own filing provenance.

Historical valuations use supplied FMP filing versions only after their publication day. Market-cap and enterprise-value histories estimate capitalization from statement-period weighted shares; comparisons with current quote-based values are approximate. FMP does not provide every historical filing version or the full dimensional context for every value, so those details cannot be reconstructed or certified. Current share-count observations are kept separate from basic and diluted weighted shares used for EPS. Unverified segment disclosures retain their amounts and source labels without percentage mixes.

How key metrics are defined

P/E ratio (trailing)

Current stored FMP quote price ÷ trailing-twelve-month GAAP diluted EPS. A forward P/E uses the consensus next-fiscal-year EPS estimate; impossible values (e.g. sub-1 multiples from one-time earnings) are shown as N/A.

Dividend yield

Trailing-twelve-month dividends per share ÷ the latest close price, computed at daily resolution.

Payout ratio

Trailing-twelve-month dividends per share ÷ trailing-twelve-month EPS. For REITs we note that GAAP earnings understate cash generation, so FFO/AFFO payout is the better lens.

Margins (gross / operating / net)

The corresponding profit line ÷ revenue, from the most recent reporting period.

ROE / ROA

Net income ÷ shareholder equity or total assets, trailing twelve months over the latest balance sheet.

ROIC

NOPAT ÷ invested capital: operating income × (1 − effective tax rate, capped at 45%) over total assets less non-interest-bearing current liabilities (current liabilities minus short-term debt) at the latest balance sheet — trailing twelve months, one definition on every page. Not shown for banks, insurers or funds, whose balance sheets aren't classified into current and non-current.

CAGRs

Compound annual growth rate over the stated window (e.g. 5-year revenue CAGR), anchored on reported fiscal-year values. Total-return CAGR includes reinvested dividends.

Stock comparisons

Comparison pages present reported metrics side by side without an overall score or investment verdict. Different metrics can point in different directions and may use sector-specific bases.

Ranked lists

Leaderboards rank the covered universe (not the entire market) by a single metric, with light sanity filters to keep one-time-distorted values from topping a list. Dual share classes of a company are counted once.

Fair value & margin of safety

Our fair-value estimate is a transparent 10-year, two-stage discounted cash flow (DCF) model — the same inputs you can edit on any stock's DCF page. It is a disciplined estimate of intrinsic value, not a price target, and we show every assumption rather than a single black-box number.

Intrinsic / fair value (DCF)

We anchor on trailing-twelve-month free cash flow, grow it at the company's 5-year revenue CAGR (clamped to a defensible 2–18% band) fading linearly to the terminal rate over 10 years, add a Gordon-growth terminal value, subtract net debt, and divide by shares outstanding.

Discount rate

A CAPM-lite cost of equity: a 4.3% risk-free rate plus the stock's beta times a 4.8% equity-risk premium, clamped to a 7.5–11.5% band so a noisy beta can't produce an indefensible rate.

Terminal growth

2.5% in perpetuity — roughly long-run nominal GDP — applied as a Gordon-growth terminal value after the 10-year explicit window.

Margin of safety

(Fair value − price) ÷ price. Positive means the model sees the stock below intrinsic value; negative means above. We treat it as a starting point for a valuation debate, never a verdict on its own.

When we suppress it

A free-cash-flow DCF is not meaningful for banks, insurers, or REITs (financing-driven balance sheets / FFO-based economics), so we hide it there. It is also least reliable for hyper-growth or loss-making names where cash flows are small or negative — when the model's gap to price exceeds ~50% we do not anchor a written valuation note on it.

Editorial standards

TGMCharts pages are compiled by TGMCharts Research — an organizational byline, not a synthetic persona. We don't fabricate figures, we date what we publish, and we correct errors when we find them. Coverage currently spans large- and mid-cap U.S. equities and is expanding.